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N5 · Lesson 2

Objects and demonstratives

Point at and ask about objects with これ・それ・あれ, and express possession with the particle の.

Grammar

これ/それ/あれ — "this, that, that over there"

これ/それ/あれ は N です

These are demonstrative pronouns that work like nouns. これ points at something near the speaker, それ at something near the listener, and あれ at something far from both.

Examples

  • This is a dictionary.

  • Is that a pen?

  • That over there is my bag.

この/その/あの + N — "this/that + noun"

この/その/あの N

Unlike これ・それ・あれ, these forms never stand alone: they always accompany a noun. Distance works the same way: この (speaker), その (listener), あの (far from both).

Examples

  • This book is mine.

  • Who is that person over there?

そうです — "that's right"

はい、そうです / いいえ、そうじゃありません

To answer "is N N?" questions you use そう with です: はい、そうです (yes, that's right) or いいえ、そうじゃありません (no, it isn't). You can also answer with いいえ、います.

Examples

  • Is that a diary? …Yes, it is.

  • Is that a notebook? …No, it isn't.

〜か、〜か — alternative questions

N1 ですか、N2 ですか

This offers two options and asks the listener to pick one. You do not answer with はい or いいえ, but by saying the right option directly.

Examples

  • Is this a 9 or a 7? …It's a 9.

N1 の N2 — possession and content

N1 の N2

As well as ownership (, my book), の says what something is about: コンピューターの is "a computer book".

Examples

  • This is a computer book.

  • This is my umbrella.

の replacing the noun

N1 の

When the noun is already understood, の stands in for it so you don't have to repeat it: あれは のです (that one is mine).

Examples

  • Whose is that bag over there? …It's mine.

お〜 — the polite prefix

お + N

The prefix お is added to certain words to sound more polite, especially when talking about the listener's things: お (souvenir), お (your name).

Examples

  • This is a souvenir (for you).

そうですか — "oh, I see"

そうですか

With falling intonation it shows that you have taken in some new information: "oh really? I see". Don't confuse it with the genuine question そうですか↗.

Examples

  • Is this umbrella yours? …No, it isn't. …Oh, I see.

Vocabulary

WordReadingMeaning
this (near the speaker)
that (near the listener)
that one (far from both)
this ~
that ~
that ~ (over there)
book
dictionary
magazine
newspaper
notebook
diary, planner
business card
card
pencil
pen
mechanical pencil
key
clock, watch
umbrella
bag, suitcase
CD
television
radio
camera
computer
car, automobile
desk
chair
chocolate
coffee
souvenir, gift
the English language
the Japanese language
~ language
what
yes, that's right
um…, er… (hesitation)
what? (surprise)
here you are
thank you [very much]
oh really? / I see
no, that's not right
I look forward to working with you
pleased to meet you too

See this lesson's vocabulary →

See also