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N5 · Lesson 8

Adjectives

Describe people, places and things with the two kinds of Japanese adjective: -い and -な.

Grammar

The two kinds of adjective

A-い / A-な

Japanese has -い adjectives (きい, い) and -な adjectives (きれい[な], [な]). They behave differently when modifying nouns and when conjugating, so it pays to memorise each adjective together with its type.

Examples

  • Mount Fuji is tall.

  • Cherry blossoms are beautiful.

N は A です — the adjective as predicate

N は A-な[な] です / N は A-い(〜い) です

As a predicate, both types are followed by です. The -な adjective drops the な: かです. The negative differs: -な adjectives use じゃありません (かじゃありません) and -い adjectives change 〜い to 〜くないです (くないです). The negative of いい is よくないです.

Examples

  • Is it cold in Beijing now? …Yes, it's cold.

  • This room is not quiet.

A + N — the adjective before the noun

A-な[な] N / A-い(〜い) N

When modifying a noun directly, -な adjectives keep the な (きれいな ) and -い adjectives are used as they are (しい ).

Examples

  • Mr. Watt is a kind teacher.

  • Mount Fuji is a tall mountain.

〜が、〜 — "but"

S1 が、S2

が joins two sentences with a contrasting sense: はおいしいですが、 いです.

Examples

  • Japanese food is delicious, but expensive.

とても/あまり — "very" and "not very"

とても A / あまり A (negative)

とても intensifies in affirmative sentences (とても きい, very big). あまり only appears with a negative: あまり じゃありません (it isn't very famous).

Examples

  • This town is very lively.

  • This book isn't very interesting.

N は どうですか — asking for impressions

N は どうですか

It asks the listener's impression of something they have already experienced: は どうですか (how is life in Japan?).

Examples

  • How is work? …It's busy, but interesting.

N1 は どんな N2 ですか — "what kind of…?"

N1 は どんな N2 ですか

どんな + noun asks for a description; the answer uses an adjective: は どんな ですか。… です.

Examples

  • What kind of town is Nara? …It's an old town.

そうですね — buying time

そうですね…

Said with a thoughtful intonation, そうですね also buys you time while you think of an answer, like "well… let me see…".

Examples

  • How is life in Japan? …Well… it's fun.

Vocabulary

WordReadingMeaning
handsome
beautiful, clean
quiet
busy, lively
famous, well known
kind, generous
healthy, in good spirits
free (time)
useful, handy
pretty
big
small
new
old (not for people)
good
bad
hot, warm
cold (weather)
cold (to the touch)
difficult
easy
expensive, high
cheap
short (height)
interesting
delicious
busy
fun, enjoyable
white
black
red
blue
cherry tree or blossom
mountain
town, city
food
place
dormitory
restaurant
(daily) life
work, profession
how
what kind of ~
very, a lot
not very (with a negative)
and (joins sentences)
~, but ~
how are you?
would you like another cup of [~]?
no, thank you
it's time to go
you're welcome
please come again

See this lesson's vocabulary →

See also