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N5 · Lesson 14

The て form

The three verb groups, the て form and its first uses: making requests (〜てください) and actions in progress (〜ています).

Grammar

The three verb groups

Group I (godan) / Group II (ichidan) / Group III (irregular)

Japanese verbs fall into three groups according to how they conjugate. Group I: the syllable before ます ends in -i (きます, みます). Group II: it ends in -e, or in -i for a few like ます・います (べます, きます). Group III: します and ます. Knowing the group is essential for building the て form.

Examples

  • To write (I), to eat (II), to do (III).

The て form

きます→いて / みます→んで / べます→べて / します→して

In group I the ending changes with the syllable: き→いて (いて), ぎ→いで (いで), み・び・に→んで (んで, んで), い・ち・り→って (って, って, って), し→して (して). きます is an exception: って. Group II simply swaps ます for て (べて) and group III gives して・て.

Examples

  • Wait a moment.

V て ください — making a request

V て ください

The て form + ください asks or instructs politely: えてください (please tell me your address).

Examples

  • Excuse me, could you tell me how to read this kanji?

  • Turn right at the traffic light.

V て います — action in progress

V て います

〜ています says the action is happening right now: っています (it's raining), ミラーさんは を かけています.

Examples

  • Is it raining now? …No, it isn't.

V ましょうか — offering help

V ましょうか

ましょうか offers to do something for the listener: いましょうか (shall I help you?). You accept with お いします and decline with けっこうです.

Examples

  • Shall I carry your luggage? …Yes, please, thank you.

N が V — describing what you notice

N が V

When you describe something just as you perceive it, without making it the topic, the subject takes が: っています.

Examples

  • Oh! It's snowing!

すみませんが — leading into a request

すみませんが、〜てください

すみませんが softens the start of a request ("excuse me, but…"). It isn't a real apology, just politeness.

Examples

  • Sorry, could you pass me the salt?

Vocabulary

WordReadingMeaning
to turn on
to turn off
to open
to close
to hurry
to wait
to hold, to carry
to take, to pass (something to someone)
to help
to call
to speak
to use
to stop, to park
to show
to give [an address]
to sit down
to stand up
to go into [a café]
to leave [a café]
to rain
to make photocopies
electricity, light
air conditioning
passport
name
address
map, plan
salt
sugar
question, problem
answer
how to read, reading
way of ~
straight ahead
slowly
immediately
again
afterwards, later
a little more
~ more, another ~
come on! (encouragement)
huh? (surprise)
turn right at the traffic light
take it out of this, please
change (money back)

See this lesson's vocabulary →

See also