Noken
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N5 · Lesson 11

Counting things and people

The Japanese numerals (ひとつ、ふたつ…), the counter suffixes, and how to express quantities and duration.

Grammar

Numerals: ひとつ、ふたつ… and counter suffixes

ひとつ〜とお / number +

To count generic objects you use the native series ひとつ〜とお (up to ten). From eleven on, or for specific categories, you use suffixes: 〜 (people; ひとり and ふたり are irregular), 〜 (machines and vehicles), 〜 (flat things), 〜 (times).

Examples

  • I bought four mandarins.

  • There are two foreign students.

Where the quantifier goes

N を + quantity + V

The quantifier normally goes right before the verb, with no particle: りんごをふたつ べました. It is not placed between the noun and its particle.

Examples

  • Five stamps, please.

Period に 〜 — frequency

period に − V

To express frequency you give the period with に and the number of times with 〜: 1か に2 ます (I see a film twice a month).

Examples

  • I play tennis once a week.

〜ぐらい and 〜だけ

quantity ぐらい / N だけ

ぐらい after a quantity means "about" (30 ぐらい, about half an hour). だけ means "only": 1 だけ (only one person). どのくらい asks how long something takes; duration is expressed with 〜, 〜, 〜か , 〜.

Examples

  • How long does it take from Osaka to Tokyo? …About two and a half hours.

  • I only have Sundays off.

Vocabulary

WordReadingMeaning
to have [children]
to stay [in Japan]
to take (time), to cost (money)
to be absent [from work]
one (for objects)
two
three
four
five
six
seven
eight
nine
ten
how many
one person
two people
~ people
counter for machines and vehicles
counter for flat things
~ times
apple
mandarin orange
sandwich
curry [and rice]
ice cream
postage stamp
postcard
envelope
parents
brothers and sisters
(my) older brother
(your) older brother
(my) older sister
(your) older sister
(my) younger brother
(your) younger brother
(my) younger sister
(your) younger sister
foreign country
foreign student
class, lesson
~ hour(s)
~ week(s)
~ month(s)
~ year(s)
around ~
how long
in total
everyone, everything
only ~
yes, sir/madam (very formal)
lovely weather, isn't it?
are you going out?
I'm only going as far as ~
take care
see you later (leaving and coming back)
by sea
by air
please
Australia

See this lesson's vocabulary →

See also