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N5 · Lesson 18

The dictionary form

The dictionary form of the verb, expressing ability with できます, and talking about hobbies.

Grammar

The dictionary form

きます→く / べます→べる / します→する / ます→

This is the form verbs appear in in dictionaries. Group I: the -i syllable becomes -u (きます → く, みます → む). Group II: add る (べる). Group III: する and る.

Examples

  • To swim, to wait (in dictionary form).

N/V こと が できます — ability

N が できます / V (dict.) こと が できます

できます expresses ability or possibility. The object can be a noun (が できます) or a verb nominalised with こと: む ことが できます.

Examples

  • Mr. Miller can speak Japanese.

  • You can pay by card.

は 〜です — hobbies

は N / V (dict.) こと です

To give your hobby you can use a noun (です) or a verb with こと, which is more precise: く ことです.

Examples

  • My hobby is taking photos.

V (dict.)/N の/period まえに — "before"

V (dict.) まえに、V2 / N の まえに / length of time まえに

まえに means "before": る まえに みます (I read before going to sleep), の まえに (before the meal), 1 まえに (a year ago).

Examples

  • I studied Japanese before coming to Japan.

なかなか — "not so easily"

なかなか + negative

With a negative verb, なかなか says something doesn't happen as easily as you'd like: なかなか えません.

Examples

  • In Japan you don't often get to see horses.

ぜひ — "by all means"

ぜひ + wish/invitation

ぜひ strengthens wishes and invitations: ぜひ びに てください (do come and visit us).

Examples

  • I really want to go to Hokkaido.

Vocabulary

WordReadingMeaning
can, to be able to
to wash
to play (piano, strings)
to sing
to collect, to gather
to throw away
to change, to replace
to drive
to book, to reserve
piano
~ metre(s)
cash
hobby, pastime
diary
prayer
section chief
department manager
company president
animal
horse
the internet
particularly
really? (surprise)
how interesting!
not that easily (with a negative)
really? seriously?
by all means, without fail
homeland

See this lesson's vocabulary →

See also