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N5 · Lesson 19

The た form and experiences

The た form of the verb, talking about experiences with 〜たことがあります, and expressing change with なります.

Grammar

The た form

いて→いた / んで→んだ / べて→べた

The た form is the plain past, made by changing the て/で of the て form to た/だ: って → った, んで → んだ.

Examples

  • To eat → て form → た form.

V た ことが あります — experiences

V た ことが あります

It says you have had the experience at some point: ったことが あります (I have ridden a horse). The negative with も means "never": べたことが ありません.

Examples

  • Have you ever been to Hokkaido? …No, never.

V1 たり、V2 たり します — listing activities

V1 たり、V2 たり します

It lists activities as examples, in no particular order (unlike the て form): は テニスを したり、 たり します.

Examples

  • On my days off I clean, do the laundry and so on.

〜く/〜に なります — changes of state

A-い → 〜く なります / A-な[な] → 〜に なります / N に なります

なります expresses a change: く なります (it gets cold), に なります (to get better), 25 に なります (to turn 25).

Examples

  • Your Japanese has got much better!

  • It will soon start getting hot.

Vocabulary

WordReadingMeaning
to climb
to stay [at a hotel]
to clean (a room)
to wash (clothes)
to become
to be sleepy
strong
weak
practice, rehearsal
golf
sumo
tea ceremony
day, date
shape, condition
once
never (with a negative)
little by little
soon, before long
thanks to you
but, however
cheers!
diet
excessive, impossible
good for your health
Tokyo Skytree
Katsushika Hokusai (Edo-period painter)

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See also